Metadata: 
  File identifier: 
      R4.x267.000-0113-metadata.xml
  Language: 
      eng; USA
  Character set: 
    Character set code: 
      utf8
  Hierarchy level: 
    Scope code: 
      dataset
  Metadata author: 
    Responsible party: 
      Individual name: 
          Carla Fotherby
      Organisation name: 
          University of South Florida
      Position name: 
          Collections Specialist
      Contact info: 
        Contact: 
          Phone: 
            Telephone: 
              Voice: 
                  8139746220
              Facsimile: 
          Address: 
            Address: 
              Delivery point: 
                  4202 E. Fowler Ave.
              City: 
                  Tampa
              Administrative area: 
                  Florida
              Postal code: 
                  33620
              Country: 
                  USA
              Electronic mail address: 
                  cbutel@usf.edu
      Role: 
        Role code: 
          pointOfContact
  Date stamp: 
      2019-01-09T22:13:08+00:00
  Metadata standard name: 
      ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
  Metadata standard version: 
      ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
  Dataset URI: 
      https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org/metadata/R4.x267.000:0113
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  Identification info: 
    Data identification: 
      Citation: 
        Citation: 
          Title: 
              Spectral variability of oil slicks under different observing conditions derived from satellite and 
              airborne optical remote sensing
          Alternate title: 
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                  2018-10-05
              Date type: 
                Date type code: 
                  creation
      Abstract: 
          In this dataset, we present the spectral variability of oil slicks under different observing conditions using 
          MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer), MISR 
          (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and AVIRIS (Airborne 
          Visible/ Infrared Imaging Spectrometer). Optical remote sensing is commonly used to detect oil in the 
          surface ocean due to the spectral differences between oil and water, allowing to modulate oil–water spatial 
          and spectral contrasts. However, understanding these contrasts is challenging because of variable results 
          from laboratory and field experiments, as well as different observing conditions and spatial/spectral 
          resolutions of remote sensing imagery. A multistep scheme is proposed to classify oil type (emulsion and 
          non-emulsion) and to estimate relative oil thickness for each type based on the known optical properties of 
          oil, with sample results from AVIRIS and MODIS imagery provided in the dataset. This dataset supports the 
          publication: Sun, S., & Hu, C. (2018). The Challenges of Interpreting Oil-Water Spatial and Spectral 
          Contrasts for the Estimation of Oil Thickness: Examples From Satellite and Airborne Measurements of the 
          Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1–16. 
          doi:10.1109/tgrs.2018.2876091
      Purpose: 
          The dataset was generated to demonstrate oil slick spectral variability under different observing conditions 
          in multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing imagery, and to figure out parameters other than oil 
          thickness that contribute to the change of oil slick reflectance in remote sensing imagery in the real 
          marine environment. The information and results derived in this study will contribute to the development of 
          algorithms to estimate oil thickness by using multispectral satellite remote sensing imagery.
      Status: 
        Progress code: 
          completed
      Point of contact: 
        Responsible party: 
          Individual name: 
              Chuanmin Hu
          Organisation name: 
              University of South Florida / College of Marine Science
          Position name: 
              Professor
          Contact info: 
            Contact: 
              Phone: 
                Telephone: 
                  Voice: 
                      7275533987
                  Facsimile: 
              Address: 
                Address: 
                  Delivery point: 
                      140 7th Ave South
                  City: 
                      St. Petersburg
                  Administrative area: 
                      Florida
                  Postal code: 
                      33701
                  Country: 
                      USA
                  Electronic mail address: 
                      huc@usf.edu
          Role: 
            Role code: 
              pointOfContact
      Point of contact: 
        Responsible party: 
          Individual name: 
              Shaojie Sun
          Organisation name: 
              University of South Florida / College of Marine Science
          Position name: 
              Graduate Student
          Contact info: 
            Contact: 
              Phone: 
                Telephone: 
                  Voice: 
                      8138412976
                  Facsimile: 
              Address: 
                Address: 
                  Delivery point: 
                      140 7th Ave South
                  City: 
                      St. Petersburg
                  Administrative area: 
                      Florida
                  Postal code: 
                      33701
                  Country: 
                      USA
                  Electronic mail address: 
                      suns@mail.usf.edu
          Role: 
            Role code: 
              principalInvestigator
      Descriptive keywords: 
        Keywords: 
          Keyword: 
              Oil spill
          Keyword: 
              Optical remote sensing
          Keyword: 
              Oil thickness
          Keyword: 
              Oil emulsion
          Keyword: 
              hyperspectral
          Keyword: 
              multispectral
          Keyword: 
              MODIS
          Keyword: 
              MERIS
          Keyword: 
              Landsat 7
          Keyword: 
              MISR
          Keyword: 
              AVIRIS
          Keyword: 
              Rayleigh-corrected reflectance (Rrc)
          Keyword: 
              sun glint strength (LGN)
          Type: 
            Keyword type code: 
              theme
      Descriptive keywords: 
        Keywords: 
          Keyword: 
              Gulf of Mexico
          Type: 
            Keyword type code: 
              place
      Language: 
          eng; USA
      Topic category: 
        Topic category code: 
          oceans
      Topic category: 
        Topic category code: 
          environment
      Topic category: 
        Topic category code: 
          geoscientificInformation
      Topic category: 
        Topic category code: 
          imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
      Extent: 
        Extent: 
          Geographic element: 
            Geographic bounding box: 
              West bound longitude: 
                  -91
              East bound longitude: 
                  -84
              South bound latitude: 
                  26
              North bound latitude: 
                  31
          Geographic element: 
            BoundingPolygon: 
              Polygon: 
                Polygon: 
                  Outer boundary: 
                    Linear ring: 
                      gml:posList: 
                        26 -91 31 -91 31 -84 26 -84 26 -91
          Temporal element: 
            Temporal extent: 
              Extent: 
                Time period: 
                  Description: 
                    ground condition
                  Begin date: 
                    2010-04-24
                  End date: 
                    2014-08-23
      Supplemental Information: 
          MODIS: Four Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; onboard Aqua and/or Terra) 
          Rayleigh-corrected reflectance (Rrc, units=dimensionless) imagery in HDF format processed with the software 
          SeaDAS (version 7.0) at a 250 m spatial resolution and mapped to a cylindrical equidistant projection 
          [bounding box (North, South, West, East; decimal degrees) = 31, 26, -91, -84] for April 26, 2010 (Aqua), May 
          17, 2010 (Aqua and Terra) and May 28, 2010 (Terra). HDF files contain the Rrc data at the following 
          wavelengths (nm): 412, 443, 469, 488, 531, 547, 555, 645, 667, 678, 748, 859, 869, 1240, 1640, 2130; the 
          viewing geometry [solar zenith (solz), sensor zenith (senz), solar azimuth (sola), and sensor azimuth 
          (sena)]; and glint coefficient (glint_coef). An RGB true-color image was created for each MODIS image. The 
          Rrc data was extracted at selected locations and saved in excel files (latitude (decimal degrees), longitude 
          (decimal degrees), wavelength (nm), Rrc, and Rrc difference). The Rrc difference is the difference between 
          the selected location (with oil) and a nearby pixel (to represent the water reflectance and a non-oil pixel).
          
          MISR: Nine Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) Top-of-Atmosphere radiance (TOA) data HDF files from 
          May 17, 2010 in the Mississippi Delta region. The filenames are 
          MISR_AM1_GRP_TERRAIN_LM_Pmmm_Onnnnnn_cc_SITE_MISSDELTA_Fff_vvvv .hdf, where MISR_AM1_GRP_TERRAIN mean 
          Level1B2 geo-rectified radiances, LM means the ellipsoid-projected local mode, Pmmm corresponds to the orbit 
          path number, Onnnnnn is the absolute orbit number, cc is the camera identifier, ff is the file format 
          version and vvvv is the version number (which relates to the reprocessing of a dataset with different 
          software and/or ancillary inputs). The parameters defined to carry a Radiometric Data Quality Indicator 
          (RDQI) associated with each measurement. The files contain geometric parameters which measure the sun and 
          view angles at the reference ellipsoid; and Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (BRF) conversion factor for 
          each band. Each file has 4 spectral bands: blue (446 nm), green (558 nm), red (672 nm) and near-infrared 
          (NIR, 867 nm); and 9 viewing angles: 0, 26.1, 45.6, 60, 70.5, -26.1, -45.6, -60, -70.5 degrees. Each file 
          has a corresponding XML file with metadata. The radiance data were extracted at selected locations 
          (MISR_05_17_2010.xlsx) with emulsion, thin oil, thick oil and water for all angles and spectral bands. 
          Radiance was also extracted at a transect for only the blue and NIR spectral bands and all angles.
          
          MERIS: Three Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) Rrc data files for April 25, 2010, April 26, 2010, 
          and April 28, 2010 in HDF format processed with the software SeaDAS (version 7.0) at a 250 m spatial 
          resolution and mapped to a cylindrical equidistant projection [bounding box (North, South, West, East; 
          decimal degrees) = 31, 26, -91, -84]. The HDF files contain the Rrc data at the following wavelengths (nm): 
          413, 443, 490, 510, 560, 620, 665, 681, 709, 754, 762, 779, 865, and 885; the viewing geometry [solar zenith 
          (solz), sensor zenith (senz), solar azimuth (sola), and sensor azimuth (sena)]; and glint coefficient 
          (glint_coef), relative azimuth angle (phi), ozone, wind and pressure. An RGB true-color image was created 
          for each MERIS file. The Rrc data was extracted at selected locations and saved in excel files (latitude 
          (decimal degrees), longitude (decimal degrees), site name, wavelength (nm), Rrc, and Rrc difference).
          
          ETM+: One Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) Rrc data file in netCDF format processed with the 
          software ACOLITE (V20170718.0) at a 30 m spatial resolution. The netCDF file contains chlorophyll-a derived 
          with the OC3 algorithm (CHL-OC3), diffuse attenuation at 490 nm derived with the QAA algorithm (KD490), 
          quality control flags, Scattering Line Height (SLH), latitude (decimal degrees), longitude (decimal 
          degrees), the Rrc data at the following wavelengths (nm): 479, 561, 661, 835, 1650, and 2209. An RGB 
          true-color image was created for the Landsat file. The Rrc data was extracted at selected locations and 
          saved in excel files (latitude (decimal degrees), longitude (decimal degrees), site name, wavelength (nm), 
          Rrc, and Rrc difference).
          
          AVIRIS_Classification_Result: The original AVIRIS file can be accessed openly via 
          https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1167/downloads/figure16c-geotiff.tif. The reflectance spectra were extracted 
          at selected locations and saved in AVIRIS_05_17_2010.xlsx (latitude (decimal degrees), longitude (decimal 
          degrees), site name, wavelength (nm), Reflectance, and Reflectance difference). The 
          emulsion_relative_thickness and non_emulsion_relative_thickness are the resulted relative thickness of oil 
          emulsion and non-emulsions following the proposed classification scheme. The AVIRIS_scatter_plot.xlsx file 
          contains the comparison of the relative thickness of oil emulsions from the multiband classification scheme 
          with the USGS derived oil emulsion thickness using a hyperspectral algorithm. The 
          AVIRIS_Classification_Result.xlsx includes data of mean and standard deviation spectra of classified pixels, 
          using both classification approaches.
          
          MODIS_Classification_Result: This folder includes the results of MODIS relative thickness of oil emulsion 
          following the same classification scheme and an AVIRIS derived emulsion thickness derived by USGS after 
          binning to 250-m spatial resolution.
          LGN_vs_Rrc_Difference.xlsx: contains id, MODIS_filename, year, month, day, latitude (decimal degrees), 
          longitude (decimal degrees), oil-water Rrc difference (i.e., Rrc difference between oil pixels and nearby 
          oil-free pixels in the MODIS 859 nm band), sun glint strength (LGN) calculated from >300 natural slicks in 
          the Gulf of Mexico using MODIS data. LGN was estimated using Cox and Munk (1954) model. The values represent 
          the mean of the extracted oil slick (a polygon).|AVIRIS and MODIS Classification: The classification scheme 
          is a step-wise model to classify oil type (emulsion status) and classify relative thickness of both oil 
          emulsions and non-emulsions using multiband satellite data; The USGS method using a hyperspectral approach 
          to quantitatively map oil emulsions using hyperspectral AVIRIS data. Please refer to Sun and Hu, 2018 for 
          further details of the classification scheme and its comparison with the USGS approach.||||Cox, C., & Munk, 
          W. (1954). Measurement of the Roughness of the Sea Surface from Photographs of the Sun’s Glitter. Journal of 
          the Optical Society of America, 44(11), 838. doi:10.1364/josa.44.000838
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  Distribution info: 
    Distribution: 
      Distributor: 
        Distributor: 
          Distributor contact: 
            Responsible party: 
              Organisation name: 
                  Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information and Data Cooperative (GRIIDC)
              Contact info: 
                Contact: 
                  Phone: 
                    Telephone: 
                      Voice: 
                          3618253604
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Delivery point: 
                          6300 Ocean Drive
                      City: 
                          Corpus Christi
                      Administrative area: 
                          TX
                      Postal code: 
                          78412
                      Country: 
                          USA
                      Electronic mail address: 
                          griidc@gomri.org
                  Online Resource: 
                    Online Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org
              Role: 
                Role code: 
                  distributor
          Distributor format: 
            Format: 
              Name: 
                  xlsx, hdr, nc, png, hdf, xml, txt
              Version: 
                inapplicable
              File decompression technique: 
                  zip
          Distributor transfer options: 
            Digital transfer options: 
              Transfer size: 
                  1994.3009
              Online: 
                Online Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org/data/R4.x267.000:0113
                  Protocol: 
                      https
                  Name: 
                      Data Landing Page
                  Description: 
                      GRIIDC dataset landing page
                  Function: 
                    Online function code: 
                      information
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  Metadata maintenance: 
    Maintenance information: 
      Maintenance and update frequency: 
        unknown
      Maintenance note: 
          This ISO metadata record was automatically generated from information provided to GRIIDC for dataset: 
          R4.x267.000:0113 on 2019-12-05T18:11:25-06:00
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