Abstract:

The data collected in this study was looking at the influence of weathered and non-weathered oil on larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Dose responses for weathered and non-weathered oil was conducted on 12 hpf (hours post fertilization) larvae for 72 hours where survival was assessed. Another weathered oil dose response was conducted on 1 hpf larvae for 72 hours where survival was assessed. To examine sub-lethal impacts, 12 hpf larvae were placed into a weathered oil dose response for 48 hours where still images and 11 second videos were taken. Finally, a survival comparison between a filtered and unfiltered weathered oil study was conducted on 12 hpf larvae for 72 hours.

Suggested Citation:

Alexis Khursigara. 2016. The effects of oil exposure on cardiac endpoints in red drum 48 hours post-fertilization. Distributed by: Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information and Data Cooperative (GRIIDC), Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi. doi:10.7266/N7H41PGC

Publications:

Khursigara, A. J., Perrichon, P., Martinez Bautista, N., Burggren, W. W., & Esbaugh, A. J. (2017). Cardiac function and survival are affected by crude oil in larval red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Science of The Total Environment, 579, 797–804. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.026

Perrichon, P., Grosell, M., & Burggren, W. W. (2017). Heart Performance Determination by Visualization in Larval Fishes: Influence of Alternative Models for Heart Shape and Volume. Frontiers in Physiology, 8. doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00464

Purpose:

The purpose of this was to determine lethal and sub-lethal impacts of weathered and non-weathered oil on red drum larvae.

Data Parameters and Units:

Species, Condition, Replicate, Fish number, Video names, Cardiac chambers, Contractility state, Event number, Area (mm), Perimeter (mm), Major axe ellipse (mm), Minor axe ellipse (mm), Major axe Feret ellipse (mm), Video Slice Number, Minor axe Feret ellipse (mm), Volume ellipse (mm^3), Volume Feret ellipse (mm^3), Average volumes (ellipse + Feret ellipse) (mm^3), Client, Project, Service Request, Sample, Lab code, Sample type, Date collected (MM/DD/YYYY), Date received (MM/DD/YYYY), Date extracted (MM/DD/YYYY), Date analyzed (MM/DD/YYYY), Extraction method, Method, Matrix, Basis, Units, Component, Dilution factor, Reporting limit, Detection limit, Result, Result notes, Acquisition time (s), Heart beat number, Heart rate (beat/min), Ventricular volume diastolic (mm^3), Ventricular volume systolic (mm^3), Stroke volume (mm^3), Cardiac output (mm^3/min), Ventricular ejection fraction (%) Ejection vol. All oil concentrations are measured in µg L-1. Water parameters (i.e. pH, ammonium, dissolved oxygen, and temperature) were measured before, during, and after oil exposure. PAH composition was measured at the beginning of the test. Test duration (hours), Date (MM/DD/YY). Oil loading rate (g/L); Control (0% oil); Treatment (% oil converted to µg L-1 after chemistry analysis); Volume (mL or L); Temperature (degrees C); Photoperiod (hours light:dark); Time (HH:MM); pH; Dissolved Oxygen (D.O., mg/L); Salinity (ppt); Total ammonia (uM); Ventricular volume (mm3); OFS = oil from surface

Methods:

All studies were conducted with 1 or 12 hours post fertilization (hpf) red drum embryos. Survival tests were carried out to 72 hpf in 1 L replicates with 20 individuals in each. Sub-lethal EC50 tests were carried out to 48 hpf in 1 L replicates with 10 individuals in each. Embryos were stored in a 26° C incubator with a 14/10 light/dark photoperiod. For survival tests, 20 embryos were placed in 1 L beakers with varying weathered/non-weathered WAF concentrations. Beakers were stored in the incubator to 72 hpf. At 24 hours, control replicates were monitored for 80% hatching success. Debris within beakers were removed daily. At 72 hpf, all survival counts were obtained. A weathered WAF was filtered through a 0.3 µm filter to remove any oil droplets suspended in the WAF, and used in a survival test to determine influence of micro-droplets on survival. For sub-lethal impacts, 10 embryos were placed in 1 L beakers with varying concentrations of weathered oil. Beakers were stored in incubator until 48 hpf. At 24 hrs, control replicates were monitored for 80% hatching success. At 48 hpf, videos and still images were collected at x4 and x8 zoom using a Nikon SMZ800N microscope.

Instruments:

Nikon SMZ800N microscope Metal Blender Image J

Error Analysis:

All statistical tests were run on the biological average for each replicate to avoid psuedoreplication. LC50 and EC50 estimates and confidence intervals were calculated using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s TRAP software package. In all cases, data were fit to a tolerance type Gaussian model with 3 parameters using log-transformation. The contribution of micro-droplets to survival was assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by a Holm-Sidak pairwise multiple comparisons test. Spinal curvature and craniofacial deformities were not normally distributed and therefore assessed using a one-way ANOVA run on ranks with a Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparisons test. Pericardial area was also not normally distributed and was analyzed using an ANOVA on ranks with a Dunn’s post-hoc test against the control group. Cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate were measured using one-way ANOVA followed by a Holm-Sidak pairwise multiple comparisons test.

Individual Files: