Abstract:

Two types of experiments were conducted using Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli): In exposure experiments, larvae were exposed to high energy water accommodated fractions (HEWAF) and chemically-enhanced WAF (CEWAF) at two stages of larval development (5 and 21 days post hatch, dph) and numbers of live, dead, and moribund larvae were enumerated. In growth rate experiments, larvae were exposed to low concentrations of CEWAF for 24 hours, grown for 6 days in clean water and then assessed for mortality, and several measures of size (notochord length, total length, dry weight). Samples from the exposure experiments were analyzed for alkane and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Suggested Citation:

Ed Chesney. 2016. Dataset For: Responses of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) larvae under lethal and sub-lethal scenarios of crude oil exposure. Distributed by: Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information and Data Cooperative (GRIIDC), Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi. doi:10.7266/N7416V3Z

Publications:

Duffy, T. A., Childress, W., Portier, R., & Chesney, E. J. (2016). Responses of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) larvae under lethal and sublethal scenarios of crude oil exposure. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 134, 264–272. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.010

Purpose:

Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) is an ecologically important zooplanktivorous fish inhabiting estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico and eastern North America from Maine to Florida. Because they have a protracted spawning season (spring through fall) and are abundant at all life stages in coastal estuaries, their eggs and larvae likely encountered oil that reached the coast during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. We compared responses to oil exposure at different life stages and at lethal and sub-lethal exposure conditions using acute, 24 h exposures.

Data Parameters and Units:

File: R2.x223.000-001_Chesney anchovy-GCMS data-sub 1.xlsx Worksheet: Exposure Experiments Attribute_Label: Experiment Type Attribute_Definition: Identifier for exposure type (CEWAF or HEWAF) Attribute_Label: Experiment Begin Date Attribute_Definition: Date the 24 hour exposure experiment started (MM/DD/YYYY) Attribute_Label: Nominal concentration of treatment Attribute_Definition: For CEWAF experiments, units are mg/L, for HEWAF experiments, units are % Attribute_Label: Species tested Attribute_Definition: Type of organism used in experiment Attribute_Label: Age of larvae at start of experiment (dph) Attribute_Definition: Age of larvae used in each experiment, expressed in days post hatch or “dph” Attribute_Label: RFU reading 1 Attribute_Definition: Relative Fluorescence Units for the 1st of 3 readings Attribute_Label: RFU reading 2 Attribute_Definition: Relative Fluorescence Units for the 2nd of 3 readings Attribute_Label: RFU reading 3 Attribute_Definition: Relative Fluorescence Units for the 3rd of 3 readings Attribute_Label: AVG RFU Attribute_Definition: Average value of 3 RFU readings for each treatment Attribute_Label: Replicate Designation Attribute_Definition: User identified replicate identifier Attribute_Label: Temperature (deg C) Attribute_Definition: Temperature of each treatment, expressed in degrees Celsius Attribute_Label: Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) Attribute_Definition: Dissolved oxygen of each treatment, expressed in mg per Liter Attribute_Label: # of Live individuals Attribute_Definition: Number of live larvae remaining at the end of the exposure experiment Attribute_Label: # of Dead individuals Attribute_Definition: Number of dead larvae at the end of the exposure experiment Attribute_Label: # of Moribund individuals Attribute_Definition: Number of larvae that appeared to be approaching death at the end of the exposure experiment Attribute_Label: Total number recovered Attribute_Definition: Sum total of larvae at the end of the exposure experiment, regardless of condition Attribute_Label: Ammonia Attribute_Definition: Ammonia present in the treatment Attribute_Label: pH Attribute_Definition: pH levels in the treatment (unitless) Attribute_Label: Salinity Attribute_Definition: Salinity of the treatment, expressed in psu Attribute_Label: Notes Attribute_Definition: User defined field to hold relevant information relating to the experiments Worksheet: Growth Rate Experiments Attribute_Label: Experiment Type Attribute_Definition: Identifier for exposure type (CEWAF or HEWAF) Attribute_Label: Trial Begin Date Attribute_Definition: Date the 6 day grow out experiment started (MM/DD/YYYY) Attribute_Label: Nominal concentration of treatment Attribute_Definition: For CEWAF experiments, units are mg/L Attribute_Label: Timing of larval measurements Attribute_Definition: Two larval measurements were made: a subset after a 24 h exposure, another subset after a 6 day grow out period Attribute_Label: Species tested Attribute_Definition: Type of organism used in experiment Attribute_Label: Age of larvae at start of experiment (dph) Attribute_Definition: Age of larvae used in each experiment, expressed in days post hatch or “dph” Attribute_Label: Replicate Designation Attribute_Definition: User identified replicate identifier Attribute_Label: Trial #-Fish Tin # Attribute_Definition: User defined designator for Trial # and randomly assigned number of the tin weighing dishes Attribute_Label: Empty tin wt (mg) Attribute_Definition: Weight of the randomly assigned weighing dish before weighing of the larvae. Unit = milligrams. Attribute_Label: dry fish wt + tin (mg) Attribute_Definition: Weight of the randomly assigned weighing dish with the dried larvae. Unit = milligrams. Attribute_Label: notochord length Attribute_Definition: Length of the larval notochords, expressed in units of the eyepiece micrometer Attribute_Label: Total Length Attribute_Definition: Total length of the larvae, expressed in units of the eyepiece micrometer Attribute_Label: Magnification Attribute_Definition: Magnification at which the length measurements were obtained Attribute_Label: # live larvae remaining after 6 day grow out Attribute_Definition: Number of larvae alive in each treatment at the end of the grow out experiment Attribute_Label: Conversion factor for the magnification used (mm/unit) Attribute_Definition: Actual measurement of each unit of the eyepiece micrometer, expressed in millimeters Attribute_Label: Notochord length (mm) Attribute_Definition: Length of the larval notochords, expressed in mm (obtained by multiplying number of eyepiece micrometer units counted for the notochord times conversion factor) Attribute_Label: Total length (mm) Attribute_Definition: Total length of the larva, expressed in mm (obtained by multiplying number of eyepiece micrometer units counted for the total length times conversion factor) Worksheet: GC-MS Aromatic data compiled Parameter Descriptions: Client ID-Technician designation (Informal sample designation given by the instrument technician); Nominal conc (Nominal concentration - for CEWAF experiments units are mg/L, for HEWAF experiments, units are %); Oil Preparation Type (indicates CEWAF or HEWAF experiments); Days post hatch (Age of the larvae used in the experiment); AITL ID (Identifier assigned by the analytical lab to each sample); Sample Matrix (Sample type - Sediment or Water); Analytical Instrument (Instrument used in analytical lab); Sample Size (Volume of sample analyzed); Sample Unit-Basis (Units for volume of sample analyzed); Units (Units for oil analyte results); concentration of 43 aromatics (μg/L - microgram per liter); Surrogate Recovery (%) Worksheet: GC-MS Alkane data compiled Parameter Descriptions: Client ID-Technician designation (Informal sample designation given by the instrument technician); Nominal conc (Nominal concentration - for CEWAF experiments units are mg/L, for HEWAF experiments, units are %); Oil Preparation Type (indicates CEWAF or HEWAF experiments); Days post hatch (Age of the larvae used in the experiment); AITL ID (Identifier assigned by the analytical lab to each sample); Sample Matrix (Sample type - Sediment or Water); Analytical Instrument (Instrument used in analytical lab); Sample Size (Volume of sample analyzed); Sample Unit-Basis (Units for volume of sample analyzed); Units (Units for oil analyte results); concentration of 28 alkanes (μg/L - microgram per liter); Surrogate Recovery (%)

Methods:

Exposure experiments: Bay anchovy larvae (~5 or ~ 21 days post hatch) were exposed to HEWAF or CEWAF treatments of various concentrations for 24 hours and numbers of live, dead, and moribund larvae were enumerated. Ammonia and pH were randomly measured on one or two treatments per experiment after it was demonstrated in trial experiments that these did not change over the course of the experiments. Rotifer densities were estimated at the beginning of each experiment and the appropriate volume was added to reach the same density for each trial. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and Temperature were measured at time of experiment breakdown (~23.5 h). RFUs were collected after the stock solution was made, once per treatment concentration, and the volume then split among duplicate treatments. Growth rate experiments: Larvae were exposed to low concentrations of CEWAF for 24 hours, grown for 6 days in clean water and then assessed for mortality, and several measures of size (notochord length, total length, dry weight).

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